The Right to Die

All law students come across the Sue Rodriguez case at some point, and the policy reason for forbidding assisted suicide — that it will be abused by caregivers. My Constitutional Law professor said it was obvious why we don’t allow it and despite much pondering, I still  do not understand. It is all the more poignant because a good friend of mine is in Ms. Rodriguez’s shoes — she has ALS; and it is no surprise to me that she would like to have her life ended at the time of her choosing so as to avoid the intense suffering that will come if the disease progresses to its final stages.

So I ask this question: How is there room for abuse if the person whose life is being ended requests that her life be ended and chooses the time that her life is ended? I take it as obvious that assisted suicide should only be permitted for certain types of degenerative ailments like terminal bone cancer and ALS where there is no chance of recovery and the later stages of the disease bring about the kind of suffering that no living creature should be asked to endure. Someone who recently acquired a spinal chord injury and does not like the idea of life in a wheelchair, for example, should NOT be granted an assisted suicide. As well, for fear of abuse, we should not permit caregivers to request an assisted suicide on behalf of someone who cannot communicate. This much I understand.

But why do we force those who are incapacitated beyond the point of having any meaningful quality of life to suffer the final stages of a disease like ALS against their own wishes? To me this is inhumane. I would like to share with you the words of my friend Amy (fyi Carolyn is Amy’s daughter):

‘It’s not that I’m afraid to die; I just don’t want to be there when it happens.’(Woody Allen)

During a recent telephone conversation, I was reminded of an item I saw for sale once in the New Yorker magazine: solid rosewood pole capped with silver, 11 feet in length for those people who wouldn’t touch anything with a 10 foot pole.

And so I touch on the thorny debate on death – virtual pole in hand.  It is a slightly different perspective than a healthy person’s approach, I grant you, but I imagine many of the questions would be the same.  Perhaps, too, after being immersed in the Tudor series over the Christmas holidays, one realizes that rationalization can hide a multitude of sins and beliefs and the thirst for wealth and power has changed little in the intervening centuries.  Should one, like a queen endure until dethroned (which sounds simple enough), or take the pre-emptive route of choosing the time and place of death before an even more hideous one can be devised?  I routinely debate whether it takes more courage to live with something as debilitating as ALS or more courage to choose death on my own terms.

At this point, in 2009, my debate involves an innocuous phrase “quality of life” rather than being persecuted for religious beliefs or witchcraft or, as a woman, creating controversy simply through holding an opinion.  It also involves the concept of suffering.  How do we quantify such a thing to say enough is enough and does physical suffering that we can see outweigh mental suffering that we tend to ignore?  And what about mercy?  Anne Boleyn purportedly had her scheduled being burnt alive commuted to beheading with a really sharp sword.  One could argue whether that was merciful.  Conversations at deathbeds routinely include comments that a quick and timely death for a person who has no chance of recovery from catastrophic circumstances is merciful but Lord help you if you wish for it yourself and you are too disabled to do it.

We do not have the liberty of getting a verbal answer from a beloved cat or dog when asked if they would like to live in pain or be euthanized and, emotion aside, the decision is often a financial one.  I know it can be considered crass, even unethical to many but if my care, presuming I could get it without bankrupting my family, costs thousands upon thousands of tax payer dollars and I want to die, why can’t I and have that money be used for people who have lives to live and can be saved?  Another aspect not addressed much is the fact that a planned death would allow my annoyingly healthy body parts (heart, lungs, liver, kidneys) to be given to someone who would die otherwise without them.  My life’s tragic turn of fate would be of real value to several people and I would know that my death also meant life.  In the end, since I truly am in Sue Rodriguez’ unenviable shoes, I echo her famous question, whose body is this?  I would also like to point out, I have not committed a crime (treason anyone?) so should not be forced to endure the consequences as if I had.

If there is one redeeming quality in suffering ALS, it is that, in most cases, a person dies in their sleep overcome by carbon dioxide; an effective analgesic.  At which point the suffering and quality of life issues become too much to bear in between “the now”, where I can still communicate and do some things and “the then” of lying there 24/7 and receiving whatever my senses are capable of taking in and relying on the care and whims of those who will look after me, is the one hundred thousand dollar question.

I am not advocating death; I am an advocate for choice.  The concept of choice when it is about birth or death is a highly emotionally charged, ethically challenging, controversial and divisive topic.  Despite all of it, people are born and people die every second of every minute of every hour of every day.   Last year of all the people who visited hospitals in Canada, 225,000 of them got something else that they didn’t go in for and of those, 8,000 of them died from the new invader…and they didn’t want to.  And the rule-makers are worried about literally a few people who want to hasten their death?  Something is wrong with this picture.

So why have I chosen now to share my views on this heavy topic?  In mid-February, Carolyn and I spent several hours with a production company filming footage for a PSA TV commercial and a documentary on this subject.  Because it is a difficult and mostly ignored topic, it is due for a public forum and they wanted to interview people and organizations who have to deal with death on the front lines.   Spearheaded by an organization called Dying with Dignity, I was approached to participate.   I was pleased that I was able to be succinct and articulate enough despite my slurry speech but I have had a lot of time to think about this and it certainly opened the dialogue for Carolyn and I to discuss it; agonizing though it may be.   So, coming soon on a screen near you…….

Oh, and for those of you who don’t have wills; get one, now, for you forfeit so much to bureaucracy without one.  Write your wishes down already (cremation, Beethoven’s 9th Symphony performed live, non-resuscitation, open bar, Aunt Mabel in sequins tap dancing on a white grand piano).  Those left behind would rather not guess your intentions and you may hate lilies – still.

I am not a Hollow Man and T.S. Eliot may end with

This is the way the world ends

This is the way the world ends

This is the way the world ends

Not with a bang but a whimper.

But not in my world.

Namaste and Amen,

Amy Doo

> : )

About the Author

John Magyar
John J. Magyar, B.A., J.D., Graduate student, University of Western Faculty of Law. John received a B.A. in philosophy from the University of Western Ontario in 1990 and completed the Recorded Music Production program at Fanshawe College in 1993. Before returning to UWO to study Law, he held a wide variety of jobs including Operations Manager at Other Peoples Music Inc and Research Director at Technical Economists Ltd., a commercial real estate consulting service in downtown Toronto. He received a J.D. from UWO in 2010 and is currently working on an LL.M. thesis on statutory interpretation.

5 Comments on "The Right to Die"

  1. Mound of Sound | July 8, 2009 at 11:10 am |

    The objections you’ve cited are palpable nonsense. Simply look at the way it is done in jurisdictions that permit it. The process is formalized and regulated. It entails a series of steps which are carefully scrutinized to prevent abuse. It’s not as though nurse Donna gets to toss a pillow over your head so she can make that hot date. It isn’t as though you can pull the pin because you’re feeling a tad hazy.

  2. “So I ask this question: How is there room for abuse if the person whose life is being ended requests that her life be ended and chooses the time that her life is ended?”

    Reading this a thought crossed my mind about the actual difference between assisted suicide and Do-Not Resuscitate orders. People who sign DNRs are essentially requesting that their life be ended under if a certain medical state (hear stops beating) is reached. Such DNR orders are perfectly legal. Why is one dimension of medical status (completely reversible heart stoppage) different – philosophically or otherwise – from another dimension of medical status (completely irreversible final stages of ALS)? What distinction is made in law? Are there cases of disputed DNRs that lead to manslaughter charges?

    Just a couple thoughts I had. My first comment on this blog (which is great, by the way, thanks!)

  3. JamesHalifax | July 9, 2009 at 1:49 pm |

    The question about assisted suicide is a difficult one to be sure, however, there is one thing that may need consideration, albeit it will sound somewhat distasteful.

    If a mother or father requests an assisted suicide, it will automatically nullify any life insurance policy that may be held, meaning the survivors will not receive any assistance with funeral costs, future education for kids, etc.

    Will we need another law to negate this policy, or would that infringe upon the right of Insurance companies and their stakeholders to determine what risks they wish to accept? Any such legislation would certainly mean an increase to every other policy holder. Would that be fair?

  4. John Magyar | July 10, 2009 at 10:29 am |

    No doubt there would be many ramifications. As for life insurance premiums going up, I see no good reason for it. These people are going to die very shortly anyways: Their deaths are typically hastened by a few months. So it is difficult to argue that there would be more deaths or any significant reduction in the number of annual premiums received from insureds as a result. If these people are entitled to benefits upon death, an assisted suicide would not change the math: same premiums paid, same payout. Meanwhile, we are talking about a handful of assisted suicides in Canada each year and many of these people would not have life insurance (like Amy, for example). It is not plausible to suggest that large sums of money are involved. There are also ways that assisted suicide might reduce insurance payouts, for example with policies that supplement health care and palliative care. You do raise a valid point in general, though. There are many issues like this for which there would need to be legislation and consultation. Hopefully it would be reasonable towards to all stakeholders including insurance companies.

  5. JamesHalifax | July 10, 2009 at 12:12 pm |

    All true, however my concern would be the companies involved who would include (as part of the contract) caveats that the insured would NOT seek to end life unnaturally.

    It would be different if the insurance companies had an agreement for extended care coverage, then they would probably prefer the insured die earlier. Money is not the most important issue to those with suffering family members, but it is the only issue with those who have to make the payout.

    The legislation would have to airtight, otherwise people with a family history of medical issues would pay through the nose for coverage. As well, we’d need to ensure that any right to die legislation in Canada did not follow the same path as that in the Netherlands. Over there, a teenager with a history of depression can ask someone to end their life. Truly frightening how far this could evolve.

    I would prefer to carry on as we have….doctors and family members giving the wink wink nudge nudge, withhold treatment and let the patient die naturally….but much sooner than would otherwise have been the case if the patient is kept alive through extreme measures.

    I wouldn’t want to be one of the folks responsible for solving this one.

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